Photoshop does indeed have this. It's called the history brush. Just go up in your history panel (I have my undos set to 150 for this very reason). Find the step you want to go back to, and check the little radio box next to it. Now paint on your canvas with the history brush, and it will reveal that moment in time on that current layer. It's great when you want to undo one thing, but keep something you've done since in another area.
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ey you beat me to it poop