1. How do I make the ribbons on the rocks? Mesh extract seemed like a good idea at first, but there must be a better way to do it
2. How do materials work in zbrush? Basically how do I make the rock look like a rock, grass look like grass, etc
3. Should I create the textures from polypainting, and if so, do I do it before or after adding the surface details on the model?
This is what I've done so far

This is the concept art

Replies
2) Materials are generally run by MatCaps. I would look into documentation and free MatCaps to look for what you want. You can apply them like you do Polypaints, but your "mRGB" or "M" button must be on during application, "m" being "MatCap" in this case.
3) You can if you want if you're planning to keep this all as just a high poly mesh. Low poly meshes for a game will need UV mapping of a lower poly mesh and texture painting on said UV map. You do it after your Zbrush sculpt is finalized. The resolution of the polypaint is determined by vertex color, so the higher the point count, the denser the "canvas" of tthe model.
I'd aslo recommend upgrading to Zbrush 2018. There's a lot of noob friendly features there that will be msot helpful for you, including Sculptris.