I saw a method in zbrush where using the 2D canvas and the ~ key you could add meshes, rotate/scale and position them and create a tiling texture. You wouldn't be able to have access to the 3d mesh with this method though, but you could apply shaders like the normals one to extract a tiling normal map, though I always got a 1 pixel column lost when I used grabdoc to save the texture.
I saw this video on youtube recently for 3d coat, [ame="
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jzGdn8sNGU"]3dcoat tiled sculpting demonstration - YouTube[/ame] where you can instance meshes in 3d. Is there anyway to approach it in a similar way to create tiling textures, such as stating a document size and getting the tiling working right. I'm also unsure if there is a way to grab a normal map other than baking to a plane.