There is even a button called "Bake Selected" ( the little oven bakes the selected vertices ). In the same button row are tools to completly exclude vertices from specific bones Another thing that might help are named selections: select your vertices and type a name in the Named Selection field.
There are a couple of things you can do. With the vertices selected open the weight table. Set the bottom left dropdown to Selected Vertices. Turn on the Show Global option. Then click on the M checkbox in the top (Global) row. M stands for Manual. If you edit envelopes any vertex marked manual will keep its current…