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Playing devils advocate, what stops artists from using AI art someone else made to create work from?

ModBlue
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ModBlue polycounter lvl 7
I thought about adding this to the other thread going on about AI art, but I think a separate topic is more appropriate since that one looks to focus general opinions.

Note - This is my interpretation of how this stuff works and I could be wrong on some stuff. Feel free to point it out. I'm not a legal expert or anything.

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So basically from what I understand the copyright office ruled AI art cannot be copyrighted because only a human author can hold copyright. That means the work automatically falls under public domain. Now as for our question, if artists are free to use imagery that falls under public domain and are allowed to copyright it if their version of it is altered differently enough from the source, would that not also mean an artist can use AI art someone else generated for their own purposes?

From how I understand it when it comes to AI using art, it tends to be either these two things:

1) If the AI trains itself on data sets of art but does not generate art directly from the dataset...then arguably all its doing is "looking" at the art, studying it then creating its own based on a generalization. That is largely what human artists do. Therefore that would allow it to dodge any legally grey areas because to call

2) If it does generate art directly from the data set as in using pictures, yet alters its image just enough to differentiate it...then it would arguably be an original piece thus is copyrightable.

Either way, you'd end up with an original piece that the AI created using human art. I don't know if its fair, but I don't see it as being illegal either because to do so would mean you'd have to classify a lot of human art as also being illegal because most of what we do is, in some way or another, based off tons of art we see around us whether its a conscious effort on our part or subconscious.

For AI creators, this is a double-edged sword. They can create as much art as they want and legally use artists work as a basis, but the catch is that because they didn't create anything themselves that they don't own whatever the AI created as it falls under public domain. Thus the artists should be able to use the AI-created works as a basis for their own art. 

I think this as it stands is more of a win for artists than loss as the AI gives rise to a whole new way of looking at creativity and a new source for idea generation/referencing. AI creators can create artwork from artists work, but there's also nothing stopping us from using AI art to make our own art.

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  • poopipe
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    poopipe grand marshal polycounter
    as far as I can work out the US has decided.... 
    1 and 2: It doesn't matter - robot work cannot be copyrighted. 

    Can you create derivative work from something a robot did and own the copyright?  
    yes, you can 



    it's not AI, it's a complicated filter. if we stop calling it AI we'll stop attributing human characteristics to it and we won't feel the need to perform these kinds of mental gymnastics. 

    the real shit is a few years off and it'll most likely wipe us out before we see it coming ;)
  • pior
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    pior grand marshal polycounter
    Well, in its current state it is absolutely not a filter (compared to all other 2d filters that came before), and pretending that it is one is one is imho disingenuous - because this "filter" would not work *at all* without the DB of images it relies on, the content of which was acquired and used without consent.

    Now of course it *acts* as a filter (put something in, and get something out) ; but the issue lies in the ethics and legality of the way the content was acquired in the first place. What people want to do with it is largely irrelevant.

    - - - - -

    "Can you create derivative work from something a robot did and own the copyright?  
    yes, you can "

    Well, only if the practice of IP laundering gets a free pass. This legal battle is far from settled. So the answer is not "yes you can", but rather : "by doing so, one is committing IP laundering. At this time, there is no legal precedent on this topic."

  • kanga
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    kanga quad damage
    Either way, you'd end up with an original piece that the AI created using human art. I don't know if its fair, but I don't see it as being illegal either because to do so would mean you'd have to classify a lot of human art as also being illegal because most of what we do is, in some way or another, based off tons of art we see around us whether its a conscious effort on our part or subconscious.

    AI doesn't create anything. How much artists create and how much they adapt is up for debate, they do however seem to spend their lives developing a signature style. I think someone who needs results and doesn't care about how they are gotten will find the AI tool terrific.

    Brooklyn-based illustrator Deb JJ Lee is one of those artists. By January, Lee was sick and tired of being overworked and undervalued. A month earlier, Lee had gone viral after posting a lowball offer from Epic Games to do illustration work for the company’s smash hit Fortnite, arguably the most popular video game in the world. Epic, which generated over $6 billion last year, offered $3,000 for an illustration and ownership of the copyright. For Lee, it was an all-too-familiar example of the indignities of working as a digital artist. Insult was added to injury when an AI enthusiast—who likely found out about Lee from the viral post—released a custom model based on Lee’s work.

    The above quote doesn't state whether the AI generated alternative was used by Epic, but does illustrate the value placed on artwork.
    Out of curiosity I tried stable diffusion online a while ago and it was crap. To fix the unusable low resolution results seemed like too much effort at the time. I wanted to see if I could create a mood board from mood boards, No big loss, manually creating/adapting alternatives is just about the most fun part of the process.

    Edit: By the same token I don't seem to mind downloading and using UE for free.

  • poopipe
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    poopipe grand marshal polycounter
    @pior
    ML models are literally filters  so I disagree - facts are not disingenuous.  
    A neural net is a tree of binary choices. The complex behavior we see is achieved by brute force : ie. there's a shit load of choices and a shit load of tweakable parameters that drive the choices (that's what the prompt affects).

    My point is that we as a species should not attribute intent or intelligence to the models - that muddies the waters significantly, leading to questions raised in the OP and distracts from the real point which is - as you say - the ethical responsibilities lying with those gathering training data. 

    In terms of the law stuff. 

    Provided what you do is considered transformative enough you can do this with copyrighted material - I fail to see a difference
  • Eric Chadwick
    I think pior’s point is not about how the neural net works but rather the ethics of training a system by scraping art from the web.

    The scraped art is (in most cases) intellectual property, and theft of intellectual property is a recognized problem. (https://www.europol.europa.eu/crime-areas-and-statistics/crime-areas/intellectual-property-crime)

    Harvard Business Review has a great article explaining why this is a problem specifically about AI generators. https://hbr.org/2023/04/generative-ai-has-an-intellectual-property-problem
  • Leinad
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    Leinad polycounter lvl 11
    What Pior has been saying really resonates with me. 

    One of the main concept that is important to recognize is that Art value is being extracted away from many artists (so far).

    Pior's comments of IP laundering is important. This is an area that scale matters. These data-sets washout the Metadata on the front-end at such a large scale that it snowballs out of control. I know I am over-generalizing here for the purposes of simplicity/legibility. 

    At the end of the day, we create laws and rules to promote the kind of society we want to promote.
    What rule-sets that were appropriate pre-aiArt doesn't necessarly hold true post-aiArt.
  • iam717
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    iam717 greentooth
    can't wait, its being rolled out and seems no matter if anyone wants it to happen it will, so whatever, my thoughts, cause i can post so i did.  As far as i am aware or care, the public square is a lie across all networks, whomever can do whatever is doing whatever and everyone lets them steam roll their progression in their direction always.  Its a waste of time to respond to any of it, they get what they want apparently.

    Edit might as well remove the like button, i'll probably do my best to never touch it again now, i mean that is all, no big deal, i'd suggest to "protest" do likewise.
  • poopipe
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    poopipe grand marshal polycounter
    @Leinad / @Eric Chadwick

    I guess scale is the practical issue - previously it took effort to steal a load of people's IP and sell it and now the robots have done the work for you.

    It's a delicate problem for legislators because a knee-jerk reaction in response to public outrage could cause a huge amount of harm - the freedom to create transformative work and commercialise it is the foundation of critcique/review/history/parody/invention in general etc.
    'Art' includes all sorts of stuff outside the remit of midjourney and coming up with a definition that protects the things I mention above but prevents 'IP laundering' is going to be quite the exercise. 
    My concern is that we could end up with legislation that makes it impossible to build on or critique prior art - which would be pretty devastating both culturally and individually for many commentators/creators. 
  • Eric Chadwick
    I agree it's a delicate issue to legislate. I think we could look to music licensing as a possible parallel; this hasn't stifled creativity yet it compensates creators for the use and remixing of their work. Look to the recent court decision on Ed Sheeran's use of the chord progression for reasonable use of prior art. 
  • pior
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    pior grand marshal polycounter
    Well, it's really not that complicated to legislate really : it starts by making it mandatory to make the DB used for training human-readable, and making it illegal to feed anyone's work into it without consent. It's not even new legislation - it's just a reminder that copyright still applies, even if the e-theft is massive.
  • Alex_J
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    Alex_J grand marshal polycounter
    how and who is going to enforce it though. And why would anybody that can have incentive to?
  • poopipe
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    poopipe grand marshal polycounter
    The delicate problem is dealing with the fallout, legislation already failed to prevent the crime happening. 

    that aside though, enforcement is a problem I'm not sure can be properly solved. 
    The training data is already stored in human readable form because its pictures people got off the internet - nothing needs to be done there. 
    The result of the training is not human readable and (to my admittedly slightly out of date knowledge) you cannot reverse the process to derive the training data. The closest we've got is using another model to guess what the sources are  - this is of course not reliable. 

    The upshot of this is that you have no way to prove that the presented training data is or is not what was used to train the model - a bit of an issue in court I think. 


    In practice, generating a decent amount of training data is a shit load of work and will be out of the reach of most organisations - they'll be buying datasets in and it should be possible to regulate the people selling them (in as much as you can regulate anything)  
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